2020高考英语高频考点——写作意图题巧突破

　　2020高考即将开战，你准备好了吗？高考网小编为各位考生整理了一些高频考点，供大家参考阅读！

　　考点1

　　写作意图题

　　此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的客观事实使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。整篇文章的写作意图的常见设问方式有：

　　For what purpose did the author write the passage?

　　The writer writes this passage in order to           .

　　The purpose of the text is to           .

　　某处细节的写作目的的常见设问方式有：

　　What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

　　The writer uses...in the first paragraph to            .

　　The writer uses the example of...to          .

　　【典例1】

　　（2017·北京卷·C篇）Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti\|vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called "herd immunity", which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can?t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn?t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That?s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17\|year\|old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life\|saving benefits vaccines provide, but they?ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.66.What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A. To introduce the idea of exemption.

　　B. To discuss methods to cure measles.

　　C. To stress the importance of vaccination.

　　D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

　　【解析】这是一篇说明文。第一段大意：麻疹卷土重来。第二至三段大意: 不接种疫苗的危害。第四段大意：美国的麻疹爆发。第五至七段大意：人们对接种疫苗的抵制及一些州采取的措施。第八段大意：接种疫苗的重要性。根据上述段落大意以及最后一段中的"Everyone enjoys the life\|saving benefits vaccines provide, but they?ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks"可知，作者的目的是强调接种麻疹疫苗的重要性。A项"介绍豁免这一概念"；B项"探讨治疗麻疹的办法"；D项"呼吁医学治疗的公平性"。这三项均与文章主旨无关，故排除。C。

　　【技巧点拨】解此类题主要有两种方法。

　　1.主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作目的。比如上述例题就是通过每段段落的主旨推断出答案的。

　　2.文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的，故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是使读者感到快乐(to entertain)；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或提供服务（to persuade)；议论文的写作目的是阐述论点(to argue)；科普类说明文的写作目的是介绍科学知识，使大家紧跟时代步伐(to inform)。上述典例就属于说明文，其写作目的是强调接种麻疹疫苗的重要性。

　　【典例2】

　　（2017·全国卷Ⅰ·A篇）...◆Support Pacific Science Center

　　Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry\|based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Itis an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.23.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?

　　A. To encourage donations.

　　B. To advertise coming events.

　　C. To introduce special exhibits.

　　D. To tell about the Centeris history.

　　【解析】本题是对某处细节的写作目的的考查。本段倒数第二句提及：要是没有个人、大公司和其他社会组织的慷慨支持的话，我们不能实现这样惊人的成就。最后一句呼吁人们找各种各样的方式来支持太平洋科学中心。此处可利用排除法解题，本段并没有为该中心做广告，故B项的陈述错误；本段没有介绍特色展品，可排除C项；本段提到这个中心创办于1962年，但是没有介绍它的历史，可排除D项。只有A项提及的鼓励捐赠与本段主旨吻合。  A。

　　考点2

　　观点态度题

　　观点态度题是高考的常考点。作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向是指作者及文中人物对某观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记述和描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者及文中人物的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰的词语中。因此，做此类题时，应特别注意作者及文中人物的措辞。常见标志是题目中出现attitude, opinion等词。常见的设问方式有：

　　The attitude of the author towards...is        .

　　What is the authoris opinion on ...?

　　What?s the writeris attitude towards...?

　　What does ... think about...?

　　【典例3】

　　（2017·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇）...Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards....30.What is the government?s attitude to the development of the flying car?

　　A. Cautious. B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.

　　【解析】根据题干中的关键信息government定位到文章第三段（即选段）第三句"The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly"，由此可以推断政府对此是持支持态度的。cautious谨慎的，favorable赞同的，ambiguous模棱两可的，disapproving不赞成的。B。

　　【方法点津】做观点态度题时要注意：

　　1.看清楚是谁对什么的态度，比如本题中提问的是the government is attitude，因此就要依照government来定位，在文章中找相应的依据。

　　2.掌握常考的表示观点态度的词语，见下表：

　　3.不要掺杂自己的观点。要学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语，这些观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。作者的观点一般用in my view, in my opinion, personally, I think, I hold等引出。同时要分清选项中表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。

　　【典例4】

　　In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous (土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs...

　　The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne."

　　I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years," says Gin. "I love been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don?t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom."...

　　Q：What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?

　　A. Cautious.   B. Doubtful.    C. Uninterested.    D. Appreciative.

　　【解析】由文中第三段"I have a special love for the French Guianese people"以及"I donot see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom"可知，Gin很欣赏圭亚那土著人的生活方式。D。

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