2019高考英语经典长难句分析及重点词汇用法 (1)

　　1.For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any othergroup, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.

　　例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。

　　【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做……

　　He's very likely to send me an email tonight.

　　=It's very likely that he’ll send me an email tonight.

　　很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。

　　The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It’s likely that the company will set up a branch in our city.

　　这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。

　　2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解

　　I can’t follow these instructions -- they don’t make sense.

　　我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。

　　We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it.

　　我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。

　　3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于

　　Blue and red appeal to me, but I don’t like gray or yellow.

　　我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。

　　˙Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him.

　　杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。

　　We can appeal to the website for the information we need.

　　我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。

　　【语法点拨】本句中的 than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。如：

　　China is larger than any other country in Asia.

　　中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。

　　China is larger than any country in Africa.

　　中国比非洲的任何国家都大。

　　2.The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.

　　年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。

　　【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触

　　We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.

　　我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。

　　We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.

　　我们应当让孩子们接触新思想。

　　2）manage v.应付，设法对付；管理；能解决；manage to do设法做成

　　We need people who are good at managing.

　　我们需要擅长管理的人。

　　He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.

　　他设法把游客及时送到机场。

　　Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.

　　如果掌控小帆船不够小心，它们在水中就容易翻。

　　【语法点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。如：

　　The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.

　　我们越是多聚会, 我们越快乐。

　　The longer she worked at it, the more enthusiastic she became.

　　她越干越来劲。

　　3.She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely totake on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.

　　她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。

　　【句式分析】本句含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。

　　【词语点拨】

　　take on 承担；呈现

　　He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.

　　他一向乐于挑重担。

　　The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.

　　变色龙可呈现出与其背景相同的颜色。

　　【语法点拨】当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成：形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分，意思是：“更……些”或“较……”。Deeds are better thanwords when people are in need of help.

　　当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。

　　In a word,practice is far more important than book knowledge.

　　一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。

　　4.Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.

　　也许更重要的是，你越善于管理你的学习时间，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。

　　【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时含有两个非限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词the time和the more time。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1) devote vt.献身;专心于；常接time/money/energy/life/oneself作宾语，构成短语be devoted to=devote oneself to献身于，致力于；to为介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词。

　　Lang Lang devoted a lot of time to playing the piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小时候就把很多时间都用来弹钢琴。

　　After her marriage, the singer couldn’t devote herself totally to her music. 结婚之后这个歌手无法全力倾注于音乐。

　　2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth表示“花费(时间、金钱等)做某事”，其中的介词in可以省略。

　　Every day, most of the students in this school spend three hours on their homework. 这所学校大多数学生每天花三个小时做家庭作业。

　　It is bad for children to spend a lot of time playing computer games. 用很多时间玩电脑游戏对孩子是有害的。

　　【语法点拨】“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”，具体用法参见第2句。

　　5.He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he hadgained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry.

　　他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。

　　【句式分析】本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。

　　【词语点拨】

　　gain vt.（经过努力）获得，取得

　　We gain knowledge by practicing again and again.

　　我们从反复训练中获取知识。

　　They realized that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university.

　　他们认识到仅仅通过这个考试，并不能确保在大学获得一席之位。

　　【语法点拨】过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如：

　　His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected.

　　当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。

　　By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.

　　12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。

　　6. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar systemsuitablefor living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.

　　到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。

　　【词语点拨】suitable adj.合适的，适当的；构成短语：be suitable for适合……

　　They don’t think this article is suitable for publication.

　　他们认为这篇文章不宜发表。

　　John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.

　　约翰想换一个更加适合的工作。

　　【语法点拨】将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与by + 将来时间，before+将来时间和by the time 引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如：

　　He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.

　　到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

　　When we get there，she’ll have gone to work.

　　我们到那里时她会已上班去了。

　　7. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word 'hero' will have lost all meaning.

　　在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1) celebrate vt.庆祝

　　The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.

　　全城放焰火来庆祝新年。

　　2) affect vt.影响，感动

　　I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.

　　我坚定的告诉他，他的观点不会影响我的决定。

　　The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.

　　在场的听众都被他的演讲深深地打动了。

　　【语法点拨】将来完成时, 具体用法参见第6句。

　　8.One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.

　　历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。

　　【句式分析】本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。

　　【词语点拨】

　　attempt v.& n.尝试，试图

　　William attempted to find the solution to the problem.

　　威廉试图找到问题的解决办法。

　　He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.

　　他在试图游到对岸去时差一点被淹死。

　　【语法点拨】过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如：

　　What was he writing all day last Sunday?

　　上周日他一整天都在写什么？

　　My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.

　　我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。

　　9. The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.

　　最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。

　　【词语点拨】

　　on a grand scale大规模地，大张旗鼓地

　　We should popularize science on a grand scale.

　　我们应该大规模普及科学。

　　【语法点拨】现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：

　　We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.

　　我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。

　　The house has been empty for ages.

　　这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。（现在仍空着）

　　10.In the last few decades,

　　scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate -- something previously seen as beyond our control.

　　最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1) reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见

　　It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on this issue.

　　他们在这个问题上很难取得一致意见。

　　2) beyond prep. 超过；越过；在…较远的一边

　　The delay was caused by heavy weather and was beyond our control.

　　延迟是由恶劣天气造成的，我们无法控制。

　　The beauty of the scene was beyond compare.

　　景色之美无与伦比。

　　Linda always wondered what was beyond the horizon.

　　琳达总是纳闷着地平线的那一边是什么。

　　【语法点拨】现在完成时，具体用法参见第10句。

　　11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.

　　治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时的被动语态。

　　【词语点拨】develop v.开发，发展，研制（新产品）

　　Over the last few years tourism here has developed considerably.

　　在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。

　　The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.

　　那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

　　【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态的结构的叠合，即：has/have been done，表示“过去发生的动作对现在有影响或持续到现在，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。

　　常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如：

　　The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned.

　　办公室看起来很干净。它刚被打扫过。

　　The machine has been repaired for two hours.

　　这台机器已修了两小时了。

　　12. Adverts are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public.

　　广告可由商家付费制作，也可以由想给公众传达某种信息或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列连词not only…but also连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了一般现在时的被动语态。

　　【词语点拨】

　　inform vt.通知，告知；构成短语：inform sb of sth通知某人某事

　　I shall inform you soon of the date of my arrival.

　　我将把我到达的日期通知你。

　　I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.

　　我遗憾地告诉你我没法帮助你。

　　【语法点拨】一般现在时的被动语态的构成：is/are done。表示“现在经常性、习惯性的动作，并且主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系”。

　　A lot of food is wasted every year.

　　每年浪费掉很多食物。

　　Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with the smoke. 数百万吨的废气和毒气随着烟尘散发到空中。

　　13. Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.

　　玛格丽特，已婚，带着两个孩子，七年来一直在做清洁工，晚上给一座大楼里的办公室打扫卫生。

　　【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了现在完成进行时，包含有两个非谓语短语，married with…在句中作后置定语，cleaning offices作伴随状语。

　　【词语点拨】

　　marry v. (使)结婚；嫁；娶

　　Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her.

　　由于貌美，她得以嫁给一个地位比她高的人。

　　I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted to marry you.

　　我相信杰克说想娶你是真心的。

　　They got married to each other against their parents’ wishes.

　　他俩的结合违背了各自父母的愿望。

　　【语法点拨】现在完成进行时的构成：has/have been doing。表示“一个动作从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去”。如：

　　You have been sitting in front of that computer too long.

　　你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。

　　No wonder he is so tired. He has been working all day.

　　难怪他这么累，他工作一天了。

　　14. Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.

　　自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。

　　【句式分析】本句是一个含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，have been developed and marketed…是现在完成时的被动语态形式。

　　【词语点拨】

　　basis n. 基础；构成短语：on the basis of 以……为基础

　　Don’t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.

　　不要以相貌取人。

　　Mr. Smith goes to the gym on a regular basis.

　　史密斯先生定期去健身房。

　　【语法点拨】现在完成时的被动语态，具体用法参见第11句。

　　15. At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my brain.

　　星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授谈论大脑的未来发展。

　　【句式分析】本句是简单句，运用了将来进行时，含有一个复合宾语的结构，talking about…在句中作宾补。

　　【词语点拨】listen vi. 听（后面常接介词to）

　　Whatever you said, he simply wouldn’t listen.

　　你怎么说他也不听.

　　We’re going to listen to a report this afternoon.

　　今天下午我们要去听报告。

　　【语法点拨】将来进行时的构成：will be doing，表示“将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作”。常用延续性动词,常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如：

　　The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.

　　部长将就国际事务发表演讲。

　　Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I’ll be having my classes then.

　　明天8点到10点之间请不要给我打电话，我那时正在上课。

　　16. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.

　　最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过15年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句，主语是The recent case，谓语是has exposed，关系代词whose在句中引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Terri Schiavo；关系代词that在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词issues，taken off在句中作宾补。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1) sensitive adj.敏感的；易受影响的

　　A baby is sensitive to the slightest changes in its mother’s voice.

　　婴儿对母亲声音的最细小变化都很敏感。

　　My teeth are really sensitive to hot and cold.

　　我的牙齿对冷热真地很敏感。

　　2) surround vt. 包围；环绕, 围绕

　　You will discover that you are surrounded by happiness.

　　你会发现，幸福其实就是在你身边。

　　The video images made the visitors feel they were surrounded with wild life.

　　这些图像给参观者产生身处野生动物之中的感觉。

　　【语法点拨】have sth done有三种含义：1)请别人做某事，相当于get sth done 2)遭受一种不幸3)完成某项工作；在这一结构中，done做宾补，和宾语sth之间是被动关系。如：

　　We had the computer repaired immediately.

　　我们立刻请人把电脑修好了。

　　I had my watch stolen last night.

　　昨晚我的手表被偷了。

　　另外，have sb do...让某人去做……，have sb doing让一直做……；在这两个结构中，do和doing和宾语之间都是主动关系。如：

　　I would have my friend wait for me at the gate of the park.

　　我要朋友在公园门口等我。

　　The two men had their lights burning all night long.

　　那两个人让灯通宵亮着。

　　17. The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri.

　　法院批准把生命供养机关掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感到吃惊，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说是一件正确的事情。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句,while引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词life，feeling numb和claiming宾补，it在句中代替to do for…作形式主语。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1)approval n.批准；同意，赞成

　　The plan had the approval of the school authorities.

　　计划得到学校当局的认可。

　　We expected our plan to meet with approval.

　　我们希望计划能得到批准。

　　2)approve v.同意，赞成

　　Her father will never approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow.

　　她父亲永远不会赞成她嫁给这样的懒人。

　　【语法点拨】

　　1)leave sb doing 让/使某人做……，doing在这个结构中作宾补，和宾语sb是主动关系。如果宾语和宾补是被动关系，用leave …done。如：

　　Repeated failure had left them feeling very discouraged.

　　三番五次的失败使他们情绪非常低落。

　　His reply left us all rather confused.

　　他的答复我们都搞糊涂了。

　　2）动词不定式或主语从句作主语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。it没有具体意义。如：

　　It is a pity that he should refuse my invitation.

　　他竟然拒绝了我的邀请，真是遗憾！

　　Is it difficult to understand the English program.

　　理解这个英语节目难吗？

　　18. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House.

　　【句式翻译】埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。

　　【句式分析】本句包含有两个由分号分隔开的分句,不定式短语to work…和to serve…都作定语，修饰the first African American。

　　【词语点拨】

　　serve v. 服务；用作；端上

　　We found that birch bark could serve as paper.

　　我们发现桦树皮可以作纸用。

　　Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers.

　　空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。

　　Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner.

　　请把你的书收拾一下以便我端上饭菜。

　　【语法点拨】动词不定式可以放在表示次序的词the first, the last等后面以及the only, the very, the right等词后面作定语, 且与这些词有逻辑上的主谓关系。结构为：the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest ...+n./pron. + to do sth，表示“第一个/最后一个/唯一的/恰好的/合适的/最好的/最年轻的……做某事的人/物”。 如：

　　The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.

　　最后一个离开正在下沉的船的那个人是船长。

　　New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote.

　　新西兰成为现代史上第一个允许妇女有选举权的国家。

　　19. The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather thanwinning -- has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

　　奥林匹克精神—强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神—已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句,which引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词spirit，to succeed修饰desire，作定语。

　　【词语点拨】rather than 与其；不愿；而不是。用于连接两个并列成分，连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致

　　Tom rather than his friends has been chosen.

　　是汤姆而不是他的朋友们被选中。

　　The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.

　　与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

　　I decided to send an e-mail rather than telephone.

　　我决定发邮件而不是打电话。

　　【语法点拨】有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：time, way, right, reason, effort, chance,movement, ability, desire, tendency等。如：

　　Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech.

　　谢谢你给我发言的机会。

　　Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others.

　　格林先生能做到扬人之长。

　　20. When you set out to do something different, there’s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher -- to be a published writer -- is unbelievably rewarding.

　　当着手去做不同的事情，看不到结果，所以，发现自己的名字写在出版商的合同上—要成为一个出版作家—是令人难以置信的回报。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句，包含有三个从句，when引导时间状语从句，so引导结果状语从句，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词position，to find …在句中作主语。

　　【词语点拨】

　　rewarding adj. 值得的；有报酬的

　　So far my time with these children has been very rewarding.

　　到目前为止,我和这些孩子们度过的时光非常有价值。

　　Government service can be a rewarding and secure career.

　　政府部门的工作可以很有回报，很有保障。

　　【语法点拨】动词不定式可以作主语，位于句首。如果动词不定式短语过长，为了避免句子头重脚轻，可用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语动词不定式短语后置，具体用法参见第17句。如：

　　To obey the law is the duty of everybody.

　　遵守法律人人有责。

　　To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.

　　爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。

　　21. To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

　　要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有多样化的会员的俱乐部或团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在动物收容所照顾宠物。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a club or a team，volunteer, join, have和spend是并列的谓语动词，To really develop…在句中作目的状语。

　　【词语点拨】

　　volunteer v. 志愿 n. 志愿者

　　Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside.

　　一些大学生自愿到农村去。

　　She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.

　　目前她在当地的一家学校做志愿工作，一周去3天。

　　【语法点拨】不定式to do可以作目的状语（其否定形式：not to do），相当于in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位于句首)。如：

　　One should get enough exercise to keep healthy.

　　为了维持身体健康，一个人要有足够的锻炼。

　　To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities.

　　为了找份更好的工作，很多人愿意到大城市去。

　　22. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.

　　自豪地阅读我写的内容时，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。

　　【句式分析】本句是简单句，包含有三个非谓语短语，reading my words 和only to find…分别作时间状语和结果状语，bearing…作宾补。

　　【词语点拨】

　　glance vi瞥；浏览；后面常跟at, through, over等介词

　　I picked up the phone book and glanced through it.

　　我拿起电话簿，匆匆扫了一遍。

　　He glanced at his watch and left the room.

　　他匆匆看了一下手表，离开了房间。

　　【语法点拨】动词不定式作结果状语时，通常表示出乎意料的结果，常被just或only修饰，置于句末，用逗号和句子分开。如：

　　I went to the classroom, only to find nobody there.

　　我去了教室，却没有见到一个人。

　　He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred.

　　他冲到门边, 却发现门已被锁死了。

　　23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the women’s world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991.

　　1991年，12岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世界锦标赛，成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句，when在句中引导状语从句，to win the women's world title…作定语，修饰the youngest female。

　　【词语点拨】

　　championship n.冠军称号；锦标赛

　　We are proud for you to win the championship.

　　我们为你赢得冠军而骄傲。

　　All the gold medals for the championship fell to the team.

　　本届锦标赛的所有金牌都被这个队夺得。

　　【语法点拨】动词不定式作定语，具体用法参见第18句。

　　24. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.

　　把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。

　　【句式分析】本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，To get rid of alcohol和to speed it up在句中都作主语。

　　【词语点拨】

　　1)get rid of 摆脱；除去

　　How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem.

　　如何清除空气污染仍然是个大问题。

　　2)measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段 vt. & vi. 测量；有……长（宽、高等）

　　A clock measures time.

　　钟是用来计量时间的。

　　This room measures ten metres across.

　　这个房间宽十米。

　　Mr. Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.

　　史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做新衣服。

　　We must take measures to prevent the water from being polluted.

　　我们必须采取措施防止水被污染。

　　【语法点拨】动词不定式作主语：具体用法参见第20句。

　　25. Having identified the target group, researchers find out as much as possible about those in the target group, such as their likes and dislikes, and how the product wouldfit into their lives.

　　明确了广告的目标群体后，研究人员就会尽量获取这个群体的有关信息，例如他们的好恶，以及如何使产品适应他们的生活。

　　【句式分析】本句是复合句，how在句中引导定语从句，Having identified the target group是现在分词的完成形式作状语。

　　【词语点拨】

　　identify vt. 识别，认出

　　Could you identify your bike among a hundred others.

　　你能从100自行车中认出你的那一辆吗？

　　The bad weather is identified as the possible cause of the accident.

　　坏天气被认为可能导致了这个事故。

　　【语法点拨】having done可以作状语，此时，它代表的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，它的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致。如：

　　Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.

　　由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没能通过。

　　Having known the situation well, they could deal with the problem efficiently.

　　由于对形势的深刻了解，他们有效地处理了问题。