时态语态,高考英语语法专练

　　Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

　　1．(2015·北京，22改编)—Did you enjoy the party？

　　—Yes，We__were_treated__(treat) well by our hosts.

　　解析：根据上下文，这里谈的是举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，并且“我们”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好地招待了我们。

　　2．(2015·北京，26改编)In the last few years，China__has_made__(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

　　解析：时间状语in/over the last few years与现在完成时连用。句意：在过去的几年中，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。

　　3．(2015·北京，30改编)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

　　—All right.I__will_call__(call) him later.

　　解析：据第一句的时态判断，Dr. Jackson目前不在办公室，所以打电话是将来的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再给他打。

　　4．(2015·天津，6改编)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she__will_be_teaching__(teach) a class at that time.

　　解析：根据题干时间状语3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知，动作发生时间为将来；而句尾的at that time为一个特定的时间点，因此，该题强调在将来的大时间背景下的某一个特定时间点发生的事，故用将来进行时。

　　5．(2015·天津，9改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement__has_been_reached__(reach) so far by the two sides.

　　解析：本句中的时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，为现在完成时的标志词。reach no agreement短语中no agreement作主语，reach要用被动，故结合时态可知填has been reached。

　　6．(2015·陕西，22改编)Marty __has_been_working__(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

　　解析：由后文提示he'll have finished it by Friday可知，work动作发生在过去，延续到现在，现在还在进行，故要用现在完成进行时态。句意：马蒂一直在非常认真地写书，他认为他在周五前将会完成。

　　7．(2015·安徽，24改编)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I __had_left__(leave) my book in the cafe.

　　解析：“我把书忘在了咖啡馆”发生在“我意识到这件事”之前，而“我意识到”是发生在过去的一个动作，故“忘记”应用过去完成时。

　　8．(2015·安徽，29改编)It is reported that a space station __will_be_built__(build) on the moon in years to come.

　　解析：时间状语in years to come(在将来的几年里)，故主语从句的时态用一般将来时；太空站是被建造，用被动语态。

　　9．(2015·浙江，8改编)Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child，few people guessed that he __would_be__(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

　　解析：主句时态是过去时，从句动作在过去的时间上看是将来的事情，故用过去将来时。

　　10．(2015·湖南，22改编)As you go through this book， you __will_find__(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

　　解析：一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时会出现表示将来时的时间状语，若不出现时间状语，要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现数百万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。

　　11．(2015·湖南，28改编)He must have sensed that I __was_looking__(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”

　　解析：题干中没有出现具体的时间状语，可以从意义上去把握。此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时。句意：他一定感觉到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么一直那样盯着我看？”

　　12．(2015·湖南，32改编)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but__was_held__(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

　　解析：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。hold back阻隔，隐瞒。句意：我非常想进去玩玩具，但是我幸好被橱窗阻隔了。根据句意，此句含有被动语态在里面，hold back要用被动语态。

　　13．(2015·四川，4改编)More expressways__will_be_built__(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

　　解析：根据题干中的时间状语soon可知，用将来时。expressways与build为被动关系，用被动语态。句意：四川不久将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地经济的发展。

　　14．(2015·重庆，1改编)—Is Peter coming？

　　—No，he __changed__(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

　　解析：句意：——Peter来吗？——没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

　　15．(2015·重庆，13改编)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat __has_been__(be) cut.

　　解析：表示动作已经发生或完成用现在完成时。句意：在我的家乡，收麦过后农民会举行一个丰收晚宴。

　　16．(2015·福建，26改编)To my delight，I __was_chosen__(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

　　解析：主语I与choose之间为动宾关系；再由语境可知，choose的动作已经完成，故要用一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：令我高兴的是，我被从数百名参与者中选中参加开幕式。

　　17．(2015·福建，30改编)—Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.

　　—He went to the library after breakfast and __has_been_writing__(write) his essay there ever since.

　　解析：由句子中的时间状语ever since可知，本句要用现在完成时态或者现在完成进行时态。由语境可知，write动作现在还在进行，要用现在完成进行时态。句意：——皮特呢？我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去图书馆了。自那之后就一直在那儿写文章。

　　18．(2015·江苏，30改编)The real reason why prices__were__(be)， and still are，too high is complex， and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

　　解析：根据语境，prices...still are，too high，推出前一空是想说明prices过去也高。故用过去式。该题中still是关键。句意：价格过去高，现在仍旧太高的原因很复杂，短暂的讨论是不能令人满意地解释这个问题的。

　　19．The young firefighter insisted that he __was__(be) well－prepared and __(should)_be_sent__(send) there to put out the fire.

　　解析：句意为：那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了，并且坚持要去那里救火。当insist意为“坚持说；坚持认为”时用陈述语气，故第一空填was；当insist意为“坚持”时，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，又因为firefighter与send之间为被动关系，故填(should) be sent。

　　20．Many parents don't want to face it， but the world today is a lot different than it __was__(be) in their school days.

　　解析：句意为：(尽管)许多父母不愿意去面对，但今天的世界与他们在学校的岁月已大不相同。根据语境及时间状语in their school days可知用一般过去时。

　　Ⅱ. 语法填空

　　在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　Dad quit drinking exactly one year before I was born. He joined a group of other people. He said they __1. had_stopped__ (stop) drinking， too. I loved my dad __2. but__ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away from me. It seemed that they were more important to him than I was. But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad __3. would_make__ (make) an exception. I begged him not to miss it but __4. was_refused__ (refuse). He said， “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday. We __5. will_have__ (have) your party on Sunday. Why not come with me together tonight？ It's an open meeting. All __6. are__ (be) welcome.” I agreed. Maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.

　　After we arrived， Dad announced __7. the__ theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude. He told his story about giving up smoking. __8. Later__ (late)， a man called Dave also told his story. Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life __9. from__ drinking. Showing up week after week and meeting with people， Dad __10. was_changing__ (change) lives. Shame washed over me.

　　解析：

　　1．stop发生在过去动作said之前，故此处填had stopped。

　　2．由loved与hated之间的对比判断本空填转折连词but。

　　3．根据前面的coming up判断，make是在过去看来将来要发生的动作，故填would make。

　　4．句子的主语是I，与refuse之间是被动关系，故填was refused，构成一般过去时的被动语态。

　　5．该句是直接引用的，根据this Saturday判断，have是将来的动作，故填will have。

　　6．句子是一般现在时，all指代人，故填are。

　　7．特指本次会议的主题，故theme前用定冠词。

　　8．此处表示“稍后”意义，作状语，故填副词Later。

　　9．save...from...“从……拯救……”，是固定搭配。

　　10．此处表示一个逐渐变化的过程，故用进行时，所以本空填was changing。

　　Ⅲ. 单句改错

　　1．...took him to US， where he introduced to the Internet.

　　答案与解析：introduced前加was　he与introduce是被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，故加上was。

　　2．Today is Sunday. At about 9：00 a．m.， I go to the bookstore with my friends.

　　答案与解析：go→went　由前面提供的时间状语判断句子用一般过去时，故改为went。

　　3．Having been seen the film， everyone was deeply moved.

　　答案与解析：去掉been　句子的主语即为非谓语动词see的逻辑主语，二者之间是主动关系，故去掉been，成为现在分词的完成式。

　　4．Our city had changed a lot in the last 5 years.

　　答案与解析：had→has　由时间状语in the past 5 years可知句子应该用现在完成时。

　　5. Many overpasses have set  up， so it has become very convenient for people to travel.

　　答案与解析：have后加been　overpasses与动词set up是被动关系，表示“被建立”意义，故句子用现在完成时的被动语态。

　　6．In the past， teachers always keep on explaining the points in class.

　　答案与解析：keep→kept　由时间状语in the past判断句子用一般过去时，故改为过去式kept。

　　7．The river was so polluted that it  was actually caught fire and burned.

　　答案与解析：去掉第二个was　catch fire没有被动语态。

　　8．Nowadays there was a kind of language called Web language.

　　答案与解析：was→is　根据时间状语nowadays判断句子用一般现在时。

　　9. Last Friday our school was invited a foreign teacher in our city to give a class to the  students of Senior Grade Two.

　　答案与解析：去掉was　此处表示“我们学校邀请了……”，our school与invite是主动关系，故去掉was，句子用一般过去时。

　　10．Sometimes he repeated what we don't understand.

　　答案与解析：don't→didn't　根据主句时态判断从句也用一般过去时。

　　11．(2016·新课标Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.

　　答案与解析：using→used　句意：每天他都确保用于烹饪的是新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的油。此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来做”。

　　12．(2016·新课标Ⅰ)It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.

　　答案与解析：had→have　句意：……有些人甚至要在外面等。此处是在介绍现在的情况，故用一般现在时。

　　13．(2016·新课标Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.

　　答案与解析：thought→think　句意：……我认为这是一个好主意。根据前句中的suggest可知，本句应用一般现在时。

　　14．(2016·四川)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning.

　　答案与解析：get→got　句意：……我们那天早上起得早。根据上句中的planned可知，事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。

　　15．(2016·福建福州十三中期中考试)Today I've got wonderful news to tell you. I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance.

　　答案与解析：had→have　句意：我今天有好消息要告诉你，我以良好的表现在英国一家公司得到了一份工作。根据句意可知，指目前的结果用现在完成时。