高三英语第二轮复习易错知识点总结
2019-01-15 20:22:59高三网
高中英语易错知识点有哪些
01
名词
很多学生对名词的性、数、格还有部分集合名词的用法把握不准，概念不太清晰。
1. He told me a good news just now.
句中的a要去掉，因为news是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在要其前加a piece of，类似的词有：advice, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词the,不定冠词a和an，限定词this,that,my,his,her等等或者数词one，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books.
3. He went into a book's shop and bought a dictionary.
一般有生命的东西的名词的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如My family is a happy one. 如果强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把is改为are。类似的词有：team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中学阶段，以“o”结尾的名词中有四个常用词变复数时要加es，它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的基本上都加s变为复数。
6. This has nothing to do with their believes.
以f, fe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把believes改为beliefs.
02
代词
使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。
【最全】人称代词物主代词表格
形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前。
7. This is my book. 这是我的书。
8. We love our motherland. 我们热爱我们的祖国。
名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
9. Look at the two pencils. The red one is yours and the blue one is mine. 看那两支铅笔，红的是你的，蓝的是我的。
10. He likes my pen. He doesn't like hers. 他喜欢我的钢笔。不喜欢她的。
注意：在使用名词性物主代词时，必须有特定的语言环境，也就是要省略的名词大家已经知道，已经提起过。
例：It's hers. 是她的。 （单独使用大家不知是怎么回事，不可以这样用） There is a book. It's hers. 那有本书。是她的。（先提及，大家才明白）
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。
My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成：My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.
1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently(显然地)there was a broken( break的过去分词破碎的;损坏的)glass on his desk. 约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构，例如Jack'scap(帽子)意思为ThecapisJack's.Hiscap意为Thecapishis.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能
a.作主语，例如：MayIuseyourpen?Yoursworksbetter.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours. 你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
12.He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定语从句的先行词是those speakers，为复数，因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把his改为their。
13. Whom do you think has left the lights on?
放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与句子成分。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语，应把Whom改为Who。
14. The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的宾语，应把 I 改为me。
15. These books are mine；those in the bag are her.
her是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名词books，或把her 改为hers。
03
数词
16. There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.
hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等词前有具体数字时后不加s，前面没有具体数字时在其后加s 和of，表示大约几百几千的概念。如 two hundred students（两百个学生），hundreds of students（成百上千个学生）。例句中应把hundreds改为hundred。
17. Their school is twice as larger as our school.
表倍数关系的as...as中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。因此应把larger改为large.
18. Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.
几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数，所以把five-hundred-words改为five-hundred-word.
19. Two third of the students in our school are from America.
英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母后要加s，所以就把third 改为thirds.
04
形容词和副词
形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注意的重点。
20. The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.
appear在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以应把nervously改为nervous.
21. The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.
此句需要一个副词来修饰，hardly是副词，但意为“几乎不”，hard 也可以是副词，表努力，因此把 hardly 改为hard.
22. This shirt is more cheaper than that one.
more只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把more去掉。
23. He is the most successful of the two businessmen.
两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改为more.
24. He works less harder than he used to.
表不如…...时用less加上形容词和副词的原级，因此把harder改为hard.
25. The book is fairly more interesting than that one.
fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改为rather.
26. This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.
as … as中间的词序是as加上形容词加上a(n)加上名词再加上as，因此应改为as interesting a story as the one.
27. The weather here is nicer than Xizang.
同样的事物才能相比较，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.
28. I would rather take a train than went by bus.
这个词组为would rather do… than do…，因此把went改为go.
29. Is there interesting anything at the meeting?
修饰anything, something, everything, nothing的形容词都要放在它们的后面。
30. I never have seen such a person before.
像never之类的副词在句中应放在be动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前。因为应改为I have never seen such a person before.
31. The book is worth to be read.
be worth doing意为值得被做。因此改为The book is worth reading.
32. It is sure that he will succeed.
sure的主语只能为人，而certain的主语可为人和物。因此把sure改为certain.
33. He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.
alive 为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此把alive改为living，或把alive 放在writers后面。
34. I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.
yet用于否定和疑问句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改为already.
35. He said nearly nothing at the meeting.
nearly不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改为almost。
05
介词
36. He usually goes to school by his father’s car.
by加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名词前有其他的词修饰，则应用除by以外的其他介词，此处把by改为in.
37. Please wait me at the school gate.
wait为不及物动词，需加介词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。
38. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry不跟 with连用，应把with改为to。
39. I finished the work on time under the help of him.
“在...…的帮助下”用with而不用under。
06
情态动词
40. He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.
表特别有把握的肯定判断时用must，因此把can 改为must。
41. He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情态动词时need用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
42. He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.
used to 用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以应把后半句改为：but now he is not doing so.
43. I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去的事情时在情态动词后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。
44.You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在 better 后面加not。
07
时态
英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状语来确定时态。
45. I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.
主句为将来时，其时间、条件和让步状语从句中用一般现在时。因此将will come改为comes。
46. The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。
47. The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.
此处look并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓语动词，因此把looking 改为looked。
48. I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
当句中有for加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词，此处把bought改为kept。
49.I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.
我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把haven’t改为hadn’t。
08
语态
及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因此无被动语态。
50. The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear 为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。所以把 been去掉。
51. The building built now will be our teaching building.
表“现在正在建的”应用被动语态的正在进行时，因此在built 前加being。
52. He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完整性，别忘了介词或副词。“给...…做手术”应为operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。
53. I wonder if the doctor has been sent.
原因同上，应在sent 后加上for。
54. The book written by him is sold well.
说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动语态。本句应改为：The book written by him sells well.
55. This history book is worthy reading.
“值得被做”可以有如下几种说法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句可改为：This history book is worthy to be read.
09
非谓语动词
56. We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把discussing改为discussed。
57. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress为及物动词，意为“给...…穿衣服”，此处为分词作定语修饰girl, girl与dress是被动关系，因此把herself去掉。
58. Being seriously ill, his classmates sent him to hospital.
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此句应为“因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去”，因此把前半句改为：He being seriously ill.
59. Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.
现在分词的否定应把not放在现在分词前面，所以前半句应改为：Not having seen her for many years.
60. Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.
分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语，此句中地球应该被看，所以把Seeing 改为Seen。
61.English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作原因状语修饰easy, English应该是learn的逻辑宾语，所以把it去掉。
62. I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
“让某人做某事”可以有以下几种表达法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。
63. She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此应改为：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.
64.It’s better to laugh than crying.
表比较时比较的双方应为同种结构，或都是名词或都是不定式。因此有两种改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.
66. It’s no use to send for the doctor.
做某事是没用的要说成It’s no use doing，所以把to send 改为sending。
67. She practices to play the piano after school every day.
practise 后只跟动名词作宾语，因此把to play 改为playing。
68. When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.
stop doing 为停止做这件事，而stop to do 为停下来正在做的事去做这件事。所以后半句应该为：he stopped to listen to the teacher.
2
学好英语有哪些窍门
如果能够接触到不一样的语言环境，对你学习英语会很有帮助，最好是能够到说英语的人多的地方去交流学习，如果每天早上我们听到的都是英语，经过几个月，我们的英语也会见长很多，我们一定要去学会学习自己不认识的单词，也就是要大量的积累单词和词汇，现在有很多人会写英语但是不会说，也有很多人会说，但是不认识英语单词，这两种人，其实都是要学习，只有两者都兼顾了，我们的英语才算真的学好了。、
每天可以坚持看一个外国的电影，每天坚持去看，去帮助孩子们学习，其实所有的学习都一样，我们要从学习中找到适合自己的学习方法，多听听别人是怎么学习的。
