高三英语教案：《Astronomy: the science of the stars》教学设计

　　词汇详解：

　　1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.

　　在我们的太阳系里八个行星绕太阳运转。

　　The birds were circling around over the lake.

　　鸟儿在湖面上空绕圈子。

　　The teachers are used to circling the pupils' spelling mistakes in red ink.

　　教师习惯于用红笔圈出学生的拼写错误。

　　They sat in a circle round the fire.

　　他们围着火坐成一圈。

　　In political circles there is talk of war.

　　在政治圈里，有人谈论到（会发生）战争

　　2. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers.

　　地球上生命的起源是个使天文学家感兴趣的问题。

　　the origins of civilization 文明的起源

　　He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。

　　This new theory will certainly interest you.

　　这新理论肯定会引起你的兴趣。

　　I find no interest in such things.

　　我对这些不感兴趣。

　　His two great interests in life are music and painting.

　　他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。

　　The interests of the individual must be subordinated to the interests of the collective.

　　个人利益必须服从集体利益。

　　3. However， according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.

　　但是，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。

　　?● widely accepted 被广泛地接受、认可

　　● begin with 始于

　　to begin with 起初

　　Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。

　　To begin with, I couldn’t understand every word.

　　起初，我一句也没弄明白。

　　●In which direction are you going, north or south?

　　你准备往哪个方向走？向北还是向南？

　　What direction does this exhibition hall face?

　　展览馆朝什么方向

　　【联想拓展】

　　in all directions 四面八方; 各方面

　　in every direction向各方面, 向四面八方

　　in the direction of 朝 ... 方向

　　4. a cloud of dust 一团尘埃

　　a cloud of …一大群，一大片

　　My mother drew my uncle's attention to a cloud of unusual size and shape .

　　我的妈妈让我的叔叔注意一团形状大小很不规则的云彩。

　　5. What it was to become was uncertain, …

　　它会变成什么没有人知道，……

　　?●What it was to become 是一个主语从句，在整个句子中做主语；

　　【?联想拓展?】?

　　●be to do这一结构在本句中表示“即将”。

　　be to do的其他用法：

　　1)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该、必须”。长辈要求晚辈做某事常用这一句型。

　　2)表示将来要做的事，或按计划、约定要做的事，这一用法主要用于正规文件中，可译作“打算、将要”。

　　3)表示不可避免将要发生的事，或命中注定的事。

　　I am uncertain what to do. 我确定不了做什么。

　　6. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

　　地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

　　●a violent wind 暴风

　　a violent death 横死; 暴死

　　a violent dislike 极端的厌恶

　　●The hot weather lasted until the end of September.

　　炎热的天气一直持续到九月底。

　　This food will last them 5 days.

　　这些食物足够他们吃五天。

　　This cloth lasts well.

　　这种布很耐穿。

　　7. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,...

　　它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，……?

　　●explode with anger勃然大怒, 大发脾气

　　explode with laugher哄堂大笑

　　The bomb exploded.炸弹爆炸了。

　　I threw the vase on the floor and it exploded into tiny pieces.

　　我把花瓶扔到了地板上，花瓶砰地一声摔个粉碎

　　The children exploded three firecrackers.

　　孩子们燃放了三个爆竹

　　?●in time来得及;总有一天，迟早?

　　I was just in time for the flight.?

　　我刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。?

　　I will see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。?

　　【?联想拓展?】?

　　in no time立即，立刻

　　at any time 在任何时候?

　　at one time曾经，一度

　　at times 有时，偶尔?

　　on time按时，准时

　　of the time现在的，当时的?

　　I jump into the river in no time.

　　我立即跳入河中。?

　　You may use my watch at any time.?

　　你可以随时用我的手表。?

　　At one time there were not so many cars on the streets.?

　　从前街上没有这么多车子。?

　　At times I go to the playground to play football.?

　　我有时到操场踢足球。?

　　The guest reached the hall on time.

　　客人准时到达大厅。?

　　I think he is the greatest musician of the time.?

　　我想他是当代最伟大的音乐家。

　　【练习】

　　用time介词短语填空

　　(1)—Why are you in a hurry to leave here??—Get home ________ to bathe the children.

　　(2)These buses are never ________ and the passengers are always complaining.?

　　(3)I am away, please call me ________ if someone come to see me.

　　(4)You can’t imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our province ________.

　　(5)He rushed out of the kitchen ________ when he heard the shout.

　　(6) ______ I sit silently and wonder if this kind of job is worth all the effort.

　　8. cool down 冷却,平静下来

　　A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.

　　如果双方都先冷静下来，激烈的争执可以处理得好一些。

　　9. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

　　水会对于生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。

　　●It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明。

　　●There are fundamental differences between your religious beliefs and mine.

　　你我的宗教信仰根本不同.

　　The fundamental cause of his success is hard work

　　他成功的重要原因是努力工作。

　　Fresh air is fundamental to good health. 空气新鲜是身体健

　　康之必需。

　　A fundamental of good behavior is consideration for others.

　　良好行为的一个根本是体谅他人。

　　10. … the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

　　水的持续存在使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

　　●Your presence is a gift to the world.

　　你的存在是献给世界的一份厚礼。

　　She was so quiet that her presence was hardly noticed.

　　她一声不响，几乎没有人留意到她在场。

　　Your presence at the meeting is requested. 敬请光临。

　　【联想拓展?】

　　●allow sb. sth.同意给某人某物

　　allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事

　　allow doing sth.允许做某事，与permit在很多情况下可以通用。其他动词advise，forbid 也有类似用法。

　　The reading room doesn’t allow smoking.阅览室不准吸烟。

　　People are not allowed to spit in public.不许当众吐痰。

　　permit, allow的不同用法:

　　(1)allow可以和副词连用，permit则不能。如:

　　Mary wouldn’t allow me in.玛丽不让我进去。

　　(2)表示客气的请求时，主语是you应当用permit，以表示下级对上级，幼辈对长辈，低层对高层人尊敬的请求。若主语用I，则应当用allow的被动形式。如:

　　May I be allowed to use this knife? =Will you permit me to use this knife?我可以用你的刀子吗？

　　【练习?】

　　用allow短语的适当形式完成句子

　　(1)The girl’s parents are very strict and they don’t _____________________________________ beyond midnight.

　　女孩的父母相当严厉，他们不允许她待在外面超过12点。

　　(2)We don’t _______________________________________ in the meeting room of the school.

　　我们不准有人在学校的会议室里吵闹。

　　(3)I _______________________________________ for his birthday present.?

　　我答应给小男孩自行车作为生日礼物。

　　11. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

　　这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

　　12. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.?

　　它们繁殖起来并使得海洋充满了氧气，这促进了早期贝壳类动物和各种鱼类以后生的长发育。

　　●He filled the bucket with water.

　　他把水桶装满水。

　　●There have been many new developments in gene.

　　基因方面已经有几项新的发展。

　　Father watched the development of his baby with interest.

　　爸爸充满兴趣地看着孩子的成长。

　　【联想拓展】

　　with the development of society 随着社会的发展

　　political development政治动态

　　housing development住宅区

　　【练习】

　　词形填空

　　(1)As the new country ______ (develop),more and more people live a happy and easy life.

　　(2)America is a ______ (develop) country, the average income is very large.

　　(3)In Africa, some countries are ___ (develop) countries. They are badly need other countries aid.

　　(4)With the ______ (develop) of economy, our society still needs the rapid development of civilization.

　　13. …were able to live on land as well as in the water. ……

　　既能在陆地上生存也能在水里生存。

　　●He grows flowers as well as vegetables.

　　他既种菜也种花.

　　I'm learning French as well as English.

　　我学英语之外还学法语。

　　Rose is as well as her brother.

　　罗斯和她哥哥身体一样棒。

　　14. They produced young generally by laying eggs.

　　它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。

　　Animals protect their young. 动物保护它们的幼崽。

　　15. …existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

　　……在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

　　●exist v.存在;there exist表示“存在/有”，此时exist不用进行时。

　　Several people believe the Devil exists in the world.

　　少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。

　　There exists warm-hearted person everywhere.

　　好人到处都有。

　　Conference like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.

　　像地球峰会一样的会议有助于人们明白现存在的严重问题，也明白还有时间来采取行动的。

　　there exist表示“存在/有”，是 “there be”句型的延伸，类似的还有there stand, there lie, there live, there occur。

　　【练习】

　　词形填空

　　It is surprising that a kind of animal _______ (exist) in the dry desert.?

　　(2)There ______ (exist) a good way to solve many difficult physics problems.?

　　16. give birth to 引起，产生，造成，生

　　His wife give birth to a son for him.

　　他老婆给他生了一个儿子.

　　It is very important that you should I learn to release the stress. Otherwise, it will give birth to a serious psychological question.

　　最重要的是要学会释放压力.否则,就会产生严重的心理问题.

　　17. …some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.

　　一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球各个地方。

　　spread(spread, spread) vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）传开，流行

　　Mum spread a new cloth bought in the supermarket on the table when we had dinner.

　　我们吃饭时妈妈在桌子上铺上一条从超市买来的新桌布。

　　He spread out his arms to welcome us warmly.

　　他张开双臂热情地欢迎我们。

　　The exciting news spread through the school quickly.

　　这激动人心的消息很快传遍了学校。

　　【联想拓展?】

　　spread out 传开

　　spread rumors 散布谣言

　　spread like wildfire 像野火一般传开

　　spread oneself 舒展身体

　　spread the table 铺桌子

　　spread the load 分摊(工作量)

　　18. Thus they have, in their turn, became the most important animals on the planet.

　　于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。

　　There has been no rain — thus, the crops are drying.

　　天没下雨，因此庄稼要枯死了。

　　She studied hard; thus she got high marks.

　　她用功读书, 因此获得高分。

　　19. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

　　他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。

　　●The atmosphere here is very clear.这里的空气很纯净。

　　There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, quite different from the atmosphere of a big city.

　　在乡间有一种和平宁静的气氛，和大城市的气氛截然不同。

　　●prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人或者某事做某事

　　His words can’t prevent us from buying books.

　　他的话不会阻止我们买书。

　　The heavy rain prevented us going on,but we didn’t lose heart.

　　大雨阻止我们前进，但是我们不灰心丧气。

　　另外，与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.（from可以省略）和keep sb./sth. from doing sth.（from不可以省略）。

　　Lynn’s parents tried to stop her seeing him.

　　林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。

　　You won’t keep the things from happening.

　　你不能阻止事情发生。

　　【联想拓展】

　　完成句子

　　(1)Nothing would ________________________ against injustice. ( prevent)?

　　什么也不能阻止他鸣不平。

　　Please have an apple  _________________  until dinner time.(keep)?

　　吃个苹果就能挨到吃晚饭了。

　　单选

　　（3）The heavy rain _____ us visiting the attractive lake, but we didn’t _____.

　　A. prevented; lose the heart B. prevented; lose heart

　　C. kept; lose the heart D. kept; lose the heart

　　20. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.

　　因此，很多科学家们相信地球可能会变得太热而不能在上面生存。

　　As a result of the rain, I was late.

　　雨太大，所以我来晚了。

　　21. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.?

　　所以在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。?

　　depend on/upon意思为“依靠，依赖”，常用结构是 depend on sb./ sth.，depend on sb. to do sth.。
　　The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.

　　这个国家主要依靠旅游业。

　　The poor man depends his son to earn money.

　　这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。

　　要特别注意depend on it常用于句首或句末，意思为“请放心，没问题”;It all depends和That depends意思为“看情况而定”，二者都用于口语中。例如：

　　Depend on it, he’ll turn up.

　　请放心，他一定会来的。

　　It depends how you tackle the problem.

　　那取决于你如何解决这个问题。

　　【练习】

　　用depend短语的适当形式完成句子

　　(1)—Is your father coming tomorrow?

　　— _______ _______ (那要看情况).He may not have the time.

　　(2)—We don’t know if we can offer help.

　　—_______ _______ _______ (一切看情况而定).

　　(3)—What is your attitude?

　　—_______ _______ _______ (请放心).We won’t give up.

　　22. There used to be nine planets in the solar system.

　　在太阳系了原来有九颗行星。

　　注意there be的变形：there seems to be, there must be, there can be, there is going to be, there has/have been 等。

　　23. At the beginning, the earth had no water. 起初，地球上没有水。

　　【联想拓展】

　　A good beginning makes a good ending. [谚]欲善其终必先善其始。

　　at the beginning从一开始; 开始; 起初; 首先

　　at the beginning of在...初

　　from beginning to end从头到尾, 自始自终

　　Everything must have a beginning.[谚]凡事都有个开头。

　　24. The evidence for this theory is that the atoms that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on the earth.

　　这个理论的根据是组成月球上岩石的分子似乎与地球的不同。

　　Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.

　　农民只占人口的一小部分.

　　Every one can be different from another. Why must we all be the same?

　　每个人都可以和别人不一样。为什么非要人人都一样？

　　25. Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.

　　虽然它的起源仍然是个谜，但是月球就是地球的一个卫星。

　　It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.

　　我每星期的钱都到哪儿去了是一个难解的问题。

　　This letter puzzles me.

　　这封信使我迷惑不解。

　　I'm puzzled about what to do next.

　　下一步该怎么办,我心里还没数哩。

　　26. find ways to solve the problem of global warming.

　　找到解决全球变暖这个难题的方法

　　27. die out灭绝, 逐渐消失, 渐渐止息

　　Some animals will die out if we don't protect them.

　　好多动物会灭绝假如我们再不去保护他们。

　　28. As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.

　　由于这件事，在天空中形成一大团尘埃遮住了阳光。

　　That wall blocks out all the light.

　　那堵墙把光线都遮住了。

　　29. However, whether the climate will change again is a concern for everybody on earth.

　　但是，气候是否会再变是世上每个人关切的事。

　　She showed great concern about you. 她很为你担心。

　　【?联想拓展?】?

　　have a concern in和...有利害关系

　　have no concern for毫不关心

　　30. …a comet crashed into the earth long ago…

　　……很久以前，一颗彗星撞击了地球，……

　　She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby

　　.她注意到一辆小汽车撞到了附件的一棵大树上。

　　31. …I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space

　　………有幸得到一个机会去太空旅行……

　　They know well enough what we mean. 他们当然懂得我们的意思。

　　32. …explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.

　　…向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。

　　Please explain to me where to begin and how to do it.

　　请向我说明从哪里开始以及怎样做。

　　He explained how the machine was used.

　　他解释了怎样使用那台机器。

　　33. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.

　　随着火箭徐徐升空，因为我们要尽力逃离地球的吸引力，所以我们被向后推在座位上。

　　【?联想拓展?】?

　　escape danger脱险

　　escape one's memory被某人遗忘

　　His name escapes me. (=His name escapes my memory.)

　　我记不得他的名字了。

　　He narrowly escaped death.

　　他九死一生。

　　The hotel guests tried their best to escape from the burning building.

　　旅客们尽力从燃烧的大楼中逃出来。

　　34. On the earth if I fall from the tree I will fall to the ground.

　　在地球上如果我们从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。

　　35. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.

　　当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。

　　36. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

　　我离开高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，望着地球越来越小，月亮越来越大。

　　37. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

　　但是当我努力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍。

　　【联想拓展】

　　英语倍数表达法：

　　1.用times表示倍数（一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数，一般用twice）

　　其句型有：

　　1）...times+形容词（副词）比较级+than...。如：

　　This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

　　这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍大）

　　2）...times +as+形容词（或much）或副词原级+as...。如：

　　The big box is four times as heavy as the small one.

　　大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。

　　3）...times +the+名词（size, height, weight, length, width）+of。如：

　　This big tree is four times the height of that small one.

　　这棵大树的高度是那棵小树的四倍。（比那棵小树高三倍）

　　4）...times+more+名词（可数，不可数）+than...。如：

　　There are four times more books in our library than in yours.

　　我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆的四倍。（多三倍）

　　5）...times +as many（或much）+名词+其他。如：

　　There are three times as many apples in this basket as in that one.

　　这个篮里的苹果是那个篮里的三倍。

　　There are five times as many students as we expected.

　　这里的学生是我们预计的五倍。

　　6）...times +over+被比对象，表示“增加……倍”。如：

　　The grain output in that village was twice over that of 1978.

　　那个村的粮食产量比1978年的增加了两倍。

　　7）...times +that of+被比较的对象表示“是……倍”。如：

　　In this workshop, the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.

　　这个车间7月份的产量是1月份的3.5倍。

　　2.用double表示倍数。

　　1）double作形容词，表示“两倍的”。如：

　　The production is now double what it was ten years ago.

　　现在的产量是十年前的两倍。

　　2）double作动词，意为“是……的两倍”。如：

　　The output has been doubled in the past five years.

　　过去五年中产量翻了一番。

　　38. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.

　　既然重力改变了走路确实需要练一练了。

　　39. After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.

　　过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，这才开始感到自入了。

　　40. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.

　　我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。

　　break out可指大火、战争等突然爆发。

　　World War Ⅱ broke out in 1939.

　　第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。

　　break out还可指突然发出某种声音。

　　She broke out in curses in her dream.她在梦中大声咒骂起来。

　　41. There is very little gravity so that things float around.引力很小以致于东西飘来飘去。

　　42. watch out for… 戒备，提放，密切注意

　　43. Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics.

　　天文学是数学和物理构成的科学科目。

　　44. You can use the scientific method when studying English too.

　　学习英语的时候你也可以运用科学方法。

　　◆genuine指物品的来历或性质同所说的是一致的。如: