高三英语教案：《语法知识情态动词和虚拟语气》教学设计
来源：精品学习网 2018-11-13 18:10:32
II.情态动词的重点知识
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表示“能力、许可”的can和may
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表示能力的情态动词用can/could
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A computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.might not
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表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。
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①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______
A.will B.could C.may D.might ②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself. A.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/may C.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t
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在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。
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The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but
everyone_____get out. A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to
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表示“推断、判断”的can
may,must
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在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。
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Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.must B.may C.can D.will 而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性： Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.
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在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。
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Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.should D.may
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在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。
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He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?
He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?
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need
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need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。
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dare
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dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。
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If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’t know whether he
dare say. 注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句） Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句）
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shall
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用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。
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What shall we do this evening?
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用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。
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You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告
He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺 He shall be punished.威胁
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should
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劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。
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You should(ought to) go to class right away.
I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.
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will/would
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请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。
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Would you pass me the book?
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表示意志、愿望和决心。
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I will never do that again.
They asked us if we would do that again
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would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
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During the vacation he would visit me every week
The wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合）
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would表示估计或猜想。
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It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
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情态动词+have done的用法
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could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。
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You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.
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cannot+ have done：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。
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He cannot have been to that town.
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can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。
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Can he have got the book?
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might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。
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He may not have finished the work.
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
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must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。
其否定式为：cannot have done。
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You must have seen the film.
You cannot have seen the film.
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needn’t+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。
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You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.
注意：didn’t need to(have to)do： 没有必要做而实际上也没有做 I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.
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should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。
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You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.
She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I worked to use it. 注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推测）
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虚拟语气
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类 别
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用 法
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例 句
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If引导的
条件从句
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与现在事实相反
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从句动词：过去式（be用were）
主句动词：should/would/could/might+do
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If he were here, he would help us.
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与过去事实相反
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从句动词：had+done
主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+done
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If I had been free,I would have visited you.
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与将来事实相反
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从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do
主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形
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If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.
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省略if的虚拟条件句
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将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装
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①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.
②Were I you,I would not do it. ③Had I been free,I would have visited you.
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混合虚拟条件句
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不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则
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①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now. ③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
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虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则
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①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.
②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.
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含蓄虚拟
条件句
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but for+名词表示虚拟条件
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句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。
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---But for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.
---You know we’re friends. A. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. can’t have got
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without+名词表示虚拟条件
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Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.
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动词不定式表示虚拟条件
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It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。
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现在分词表示虚拟条件
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Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。
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过去分词表示虚拟条件
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Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。
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副词otherwise表示虚拟条件
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I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。
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连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件
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He _____fatter but he eats too little .
A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become
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其它
状语从句
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as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。
注意：as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气： 当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时： It sounds as if it is raining．听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。
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①与现在事实相反
He talks as if he knew where she was． ②与过去事实相反 He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. ③与将来事实相反 He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
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in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do
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Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
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宾语从句
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demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+do
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He suggested that we not change our mind.
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wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反
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I wish I could be a pop singer.
I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.
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主语从句
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在It is necessary / important / strange that…
It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中， 谓语动词用should+do
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It is strange that such a person should be our friends.
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其它
句型中
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It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+do
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It’s high time that we left/should leave.
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would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式
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I would rather you stayed at home now.
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If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望
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If only our dream had | |||
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情态动词
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用 法
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否定式
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疑问式
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简答式
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can
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能力（体力，智力，技能）
允许或许可（口语中常用） 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）
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can not / cannot /can’t do
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Can…do…?
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Yes,…can.
No,…can’t.
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could
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couldn’t do
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may
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可以（问句中表示请求）
可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中）
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may not do
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May…do…?
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Yes,…may.
No,…mustn’t/can’t.
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might
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might not do
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Might…do…?
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Yes,…might
No,…might not.
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must
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必须，应该（表主观要求）
肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）
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must not/mustn’t do
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Must…do…? to.
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Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t/don’t have
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have to
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只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）
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don’t have to do
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Do…have to do…?
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Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.
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ought to
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应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）
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ought not to/oughtn’t to do
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Ought…to do…?
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Yes,…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.
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shall
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用于一三人称征求对方意见
用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等
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shall not/shan’t do
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Shall…do…?
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Yes,…shall.
No,…shan’t.
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should
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应当，应该（表义务责任）
本该（含有责备意味）
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should not/shouldn’t do
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Should…do…?
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will
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意愿，决心
请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉
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will not/won’t do
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Will/Would…do…?
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Yes,…will.
No,…won’t.
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would
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would not/wouldn’t do
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dare
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敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）
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dare not/daren’t do
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Dare…do…?
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Yes,…dare.
No,…daren’t.
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need
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需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）
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need not/needn’t do
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Need…do…?
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Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.
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used to
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过去常常（现在已不再）
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used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do
didn’t use to do
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Used…to do…?
Did…use to do…?
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Yes,…used.
No,…use(d)n’t. Yes,…did. No,…didn’t.
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