2012高考英语复习：高考英语词汇400题及详解（四）(2)

　　176. When I worked as the general manager of the firm, I sometimes had _____ to visit London on business.

　　A. opportunity B. possibility  C. occasion D. chance

　　[答案]C. occasion

　　[注释] occasion 作可数名词时，意为“时机”，作不可数名词时，意为“必要”，本题中occasion意为“必要”。从句语法结构上看，本句中用opportunity(难得的)机会，chance（偶然的）机会均可，但按逻辑意思，应用occasion.

　　177. The most important _____ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.

　　  A. element   B. spot    C. sense    D. point

　　[答案]D. point.

　　[注释]point(=chief idea of sth. said, done, or planned)要点；论点，主旨：I don't see your point.(我不明白你的意思。)He said nothing to the point.(他说的不切题。)

　　178. It has always been the _____ of our firm to encourage workers to take part in social activities.

　　A. plan    B. campaign    C. procedure    D. policy

　　[答案]D. policy.

　　[注释]policy(尤指政党、政府、大企业、商行等的)政策，方针。Campaign(政治或竞选的)运动；（军事的）行动，procedure做事的手续、程序，rule规则，plan计划，均不合题意。

　　本题译文：本公司的一贯方针是鼓励工人参加社会活动。

　　179. The climbers _____ their ambition by reaching the summit of the mountain.

　　A. obtained  B. sustained  C. maintained  D. realized

　　[答案]D. realised.

　　[注释]realise sth. by doing sth. else通过做......来实现.......。

　　180. I remember her face but I cannot _____ where I met her.

　　A. recall    B. remind    C. remember    D. remark

　　[答案]A. recall.

　　[注释]recall(=bring back to the mind)想起，回忆起：But I really cann't recall your name at his moment.

　　Remind sb. of ...使......想起：1)The photo reminds me of my late father.(这张照片使我想起已故的父亲。) 2)The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.Remind sb. to sth.提醒......做......；Please remind me to write the letter.

　　181. He has left his book here on _____, so that you can read it.

　　   A. purpose    B. intention    C. aim    D. meaning

　　[答案]A. purpose.

　　[注释]on purpose是介词习语，意为“故意地”。如用intention,则应说by intention故意地。

　　182. The magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.

　　   A. by accident    B. on occasion

　　   C. at random      D. on an average

　　[答案]C. at random.

　　[注释]at random(=without aim or purpose)随便地，胡乱地：His clothes were scattered about the room at random.

　　By accident意外地；on occasion偶尔；on an average平均计算。

　　183. The open university was started in order to help those who _____ having a university education when they were young.

　　   A. stopped    B. failed    C. missed    D. ceased

　　[答案]C. missed.

　　[注释]miss doing sth.没有做某事：I missed seeing the film when it was shown at school.(学校放映那部电影时，我没有能去看。)

　　184. His _____of the aeroplane was correct in every detail and could really fly.

　　   A. shape    B. pattern    C. design    D. model

　　[答案]D. model.

　　[注释]model此句中意为“（飞机的）模型”。

　　185. If you _____ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.

　　   A. conduct    B. dismiss    C. grant    D. moderate

　　[答案]D. moderate.

　　[注释]moderate(=make or become less violent or extreme)节制，缓和，减轻。

　　186. Don't _____ the news to the public until we give you the go-ahead (许可，准许).

　　   A. release    B. discard    C. relieve    D. retain

　　[答案]A, release.

　　[注释]release(=allow news to be published)发布（新闻）：Details of the scheme have not yet been released to the public.(这项计划的细节尚未向公众发布。)relieve 1)减轻（痛苦，紧张情绪等）：What will relieve a headache? This will help to relieve our hardship. 2)使放心，使宽慰：The good news relieved us, for we had been very anxious. 3)赈济，救济：The fund is for relieving distress among the flood victims. 4)relieve...from(of)解除，免除； a. This medicine will help to relieve you from your pain. b. He was relieved of his duties.retain(= keep; continue to have or hold)保持，继续保有：1)She retains a clear memory of her schooldays. 2)You must retain your tickets.

　　187. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _____ of vegetables in the coming days.

　　A. rarity   B. scarcity  C. invalidity  D. variety

　　[答案]B. scarcity.

　　[注释]scarcity(=the state of being scarce)缺乏；不足（指原本充足之物暂时在数量上的缺乏）。例如：The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.(水果的供应不足是干旱所引起的。)rarity(=sth. uncommon, unusual or sth. valued because rare)珍稀，稀少：Snow is a rarity around the equator.(雪在赤道周围是罕见之物。)invalidity(=making weak by illness; not suitable for use)无效性，丧失工作能力。Variety(=difference of condition or quality)变化，多样化。

　　本题译文：目前席卷这一地区的暴风雨今后肯定会引起蔬菜短缺。

　　188. Jack almost fell off the cliff, but managed to _____ until help came.

　　 A. keep on   B. catch on  C. count on    D. hang on

　　[答案]D. hang on.

　　[注释]hang on(=hold fast, keep hold)牢牢抓住，抓紧不放：Help! I can't hang on much longer.(救命啊！我支持不住啦。)keep on(doing sth.)继续（做......）；catch on 理解；count on 指望，依赖。

　　本题译文：杰克差点从悬崖上掉下来，但得以抓住不放直到得救。

　　189. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _____ healthy.

　　A. preserve    B. stay    C. maintain    D. reserve

　　[答案]B. stay.

　　[注释]preserve, stay, maintain, reserve这4个词均有“保持”，“维持”之意。stay后可接形容词作表语：The weather stayed wet for three days.其他3个词均为及物动词。Preserve(=keep safe from decay, risk, harm, danger, going bad etc.)保存，保护：1)Policemen preserve order in the streets.(警察在街上维持秩序。) 2)We must preserve our natural resources.(我们必须保护自然资源。)3)You paint woodwork to preserve it.(你油漆木制品以防腐烂。)Maintain(=keep up)保持，维持，维修。Reserve(=keep for a special purpose; store)保留，预定：1)I'll reserve my opinion at his time,(这时我将保留我的看法。) 2)I'll phone up today and reserve a room.(我今天将打电话预定一个房间。)

　　本题译文：专家们说，步行是一个人保持健康的最好方法之一。

　　190. Expected noises are usually more _____ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.

　　   A. manageable    B. controllable

　　   C. tolerable     D. perceivable

　　[答案]C. tolerable.

　　[注释]tolerable(=fairly good, not too bad)可忍受的：The pain has become tolerable. manageable可处理的；可管理的；controllable可控制的；perceivable可觉察的。

　　本题译文：料想到的嗓音通常情况下比起等量的意外嗓音来说是可以忍受的。

　　191. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works _____.

　　   A. above all    B. in all    C. at all    D. after all

　　[答案]C. at all.

　　[注释]at all全然，真地（常用于肯定句中）：If you do it at all, do it well.(你若真做，就得做好。)not...at all全不，毫不：He doesn't seem at all interested in my plane.(他似乎对我的计划毫无兴趣。)above all(=most important of all)最重要的。in all总计：We were fifteen in all.(我们总计15人。)after all毕竟，终究。

　　本题译文：他是否努力工作到并不重要，问题是他是否真正地做了。

　　192. Mary had taken _____ to see that her guests had everything that they could possibly want.

　　   A. efforts    B. pains    C. attempts    D. endeavors

　　[答案]B. pains.                

　　[注释]take pains to do sth.下苦功夫做某事：I'm grateful because you have taken pains to show me how to do the work.

　　193. He ate what he could, and gave the _____ of the food to the birds.

　　A. remain    B. uneaten    C. rest    D. part

　　[答案]C. reset

　　[注释]the rest (of)剩余部分，其余。remain作“剩余物”(=what is left)解时常用复数形式，如：the remains of a meal(残羹剩饭)。[ALI]《新英汉辞典》认为也可以用单数，可作参考。

　　194. The government placed _____ on the numbers of foreign cars that could be imported.

　　   A. limitations     B. restraint

　　   C. requirements    D. restrictions

　　[答案]D. restrictions.

　　[注释]restriction(可数名称)限制性规定：It is a club with rigid restrictions on its membership.Limitation局限性，不足之处，不利之处（可数）：1)I know my limitations.(我了解我的不足之处。) 2)Every from of art has its limitations.（每种艺术形式都有其局限性。）

　　195. We won't know whether it will be successful. We won't know whether there will be good _____.

　　   A. ends    B. results    C. effects    D. causes

　　[答案]B. results.

　　[注释]result意为“由某种活动或某种原因所产生的结果”，如：obtain(=get, attain, gain win, secure)good results（取得好结果），publish the results（公布成绩）。

　　196. No one imagined that the apparently _____ businessman was really a criminal.

　　A. respectful B. respectable C. respective  D. respected

　　[答案]B. respectable.

　　[注释]respectable受到尊敬的。详见117.注释。

　　本题译文：没有一个想象到这个看起来令人尊敬的商人竟是一个罪犯。

　　197. At first the institute refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _____ revised.

　　   A. occasionally    B. consequently

　　   C. successively    D. subsequently.

　　[答案]D. subsequently.

　　[注释]subsequently(=afterwards)随后，其后。

　　198. The speaker _____ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic.

　　   A. held on    B. worked out    C. touched on    D. kept out of

　　[答案]C. touched on

　　[注释]touch on简单谈到。参阅Ⅲ.178注释。

　　199. Comrade Li Dazhao, _____ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.

　　A. sometimes B. sometime  C. some time  D. some times

　　[答案]B. sometime.

　　[注释]sometime(=former)过去的，以前的：Alice Brown, a sometime pupil of our school, is now a teacher there.

　　200. Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had _____ two days before.

　　   A. broken off    B. passed off

　　   C. given away    D. passed away

　　[答案]D. passed away.

　　[注释]pass away(=die)死亡，是“死亡”的委婉语。

　　break off中断；give away给掉；泄露；pass off中止，中断。