高一英语语法基础点睛:有关英语句子的考点讲解、训练
来源:高考网整理 2009-09-29 10:27:28
高一系列复习资料(5)有关英语句子的考点集汇,讲解和训练
七、句子种类
【考点直击】
按照句子的用途,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;
2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;
3. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;
4. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别
对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。
【名师点睛】
一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法
1. 陈述句:
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号"."。
Tom has a new car.
The flower isn't beautiful.
2. 陈述句否定式的构成
(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.(肯定)
He is not playing the guitar.(否定)
We can get there before dark.(肯定)
We can't get thee before dark.(否定)
(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don't, doesn't或didn't。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.(肯定)
He doesn't play the violin well.(否定)
She won the game.(肯定)
She didn't win the game.(否定)
(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:
There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.
He has some books. →He has not any books.
(4) 除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如:
There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.
I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.
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